Ncoa 12 Domains of Culture Essay - 653 Words

BACKGROUND PAPER ON AGENCY AND EVENTS 1. Ben Franklin, pointing to the sun carved on the back of the presiding officers chair, remarked; Throughout the days we have been laboring here, I have observed that sun, and wondered whether it was a rising sun or a setting sun. Now I know it was a rising sun.1 Throughout our lives we have been told of how our country was formed. I am here to tell you about the things the history books and teachers don’t tell you about the freemasons and there shaping of the United States of America. We will start with freemasons an agency that has been shaping history since the building of King Solomon’s temple. 2. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Benedict Arnold, and General Henry â€Å"Hap†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦A position which made a mason use his three principles on a daily basis as they fought to free our country. Even the Air Force can owe some of it heritage to a freemason. General Arnold the only five star general to wear the Air Force uniform is known as the for-father of today’s Air Force. His dedication to his fellow Airman through his defense of Billy Mitchell and his push for the design of multiple airframes proved his dedication to better himself and his community, the US Air Force and America. 4. Now you may see that the freemasons are a brotherhood of men with three main principles to guide them: brotherly love, the tolerance and respect for man; relief, the support for all things small and large; and truth, the highest of moral standards. You also now know the impact these great men have had on shaping our country from the writing of the declaration of independence, to the revolutionary war, and the creation of the Air Force. By understanding what freemasons are and what they have done for our country I hope you will open your hearts and souls to your fellow man and further shape our great nation as these great men have done for us. NOTES 1

The Secret Circle The Captive Chapter Three Free Essays

string(30) " walked downstairs with them\." â€Å"I think,† Melanie said quietly, â€Å"that it’s time to talk about the skull. Adam’s never told us exactly how he found it-â€Å" â€Å"No, you’ve been very secretive about that,† Faye put in. â€Å"-but maybe now is the time. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Three or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Diana and Adam looked at each other, and then Diana nodded slightly. â€Å"All right, then, tell it. Try not to leave anything out.† After the walk back from the cemetery they had crowded, all twelve of them, into Diana’s room. Cassie looked around at the group and realized that it was divided. Suzan, Deborah, and the Henderson brothers were sitting on one side, near Faye, while Laurel, Melanie, Adam, and Sean were on the other side, near Diana. At least, Cassie thought, watching Sean’s uneasily shifting eyes, Sean was sitting on Diana’s side for the moment. He could change any time. And so could Nick-Nick could vote with Diana one day, and then for no apparent reason vote with Faye the next. Nick was always an unknown factor. And so, a voice inside her whispered, are you. But that was ridiculous. Nothing-not even Faye-could make Cassie vote against Diana. Not when it really counted. Adam was talking in a low, thoughtful voice, as if he were trying to remember precisely. â€Å"It wasn’t off Cape Cod, it was farther north, closer to Boston. Everybody knows there are seventeen islands off Boston Bay; they’re all deserted and covered with weeds. Well, I found an eighteenth. It wasn’t like the others; it was flat and sandy and there was no sign that people had ever been there. And there was something strange about it. †¦ I’d been to the place before, but I’d never seen it. It was as if my eyes had suddenly been opened after-† He stopped. Cassie, looking at the lamp’s reflection on Diana’s gleaming pine-board floor, felt as if she were smothering. She didn’t dare breathe until Adam went on, â€Å"-after working on the fishing boats all summer. But when I tried to head for the island, the tiller bucked, trying to keep me away or run me aground on the rocks. I had to wrestle with it to bring the boat in-and I had to call on Earth and Water or I’d never have made it. When I was finally safe I looked at the rocks and saw the wreckage of other boats. Anybody that had made it there before didn’t make it away again alive.† He took a deep, slow breath. â€Å"As soon as I stepped on the sand I could feel that the whole island was electric. I knew it was the place even before I saw the circle of stones in the middle. It was just the way Black John described it. Sea heather had grown up around the rocks, but the center was clear and that’s where I dug. About a minute later my shovel hit something hard.† â€Å"And then?† said Diana. â€Å"And then I pulled it out. I felt-I don’t know, dizzy, when I saw it. The sun was glittering on the sand and it sort of blinded me. Then I wrapped the skull up in my shirt and left. The island didn’t fight when I went; it was like a trap that had been sprung. That was- let’s see, September twenty-first. As soon as I got back to the Bay, I wanted to start up to New Salem, but I had some things to take care of. I couldn’t get started until the next day, and I knew I was going to be late for Kori’s initiation.† He paused and threw an apologetic glance toward Doug and Chris. They said nothing, but Cassie felt eyes flicker toward her. Kori’s initiation had become Cassie’s initiation, because on that morning Kori had been found dead at the bottom of the high-school steps. â€Å"Just what is the point of all this storytelling?† Faye asked, her husky voice bored. â€Å"Unless†-she straightened up, looking more interested-â€Å"you think the rest of the Master Tools may be on that island.† â€Å"I told you before,† Adam said. â€Å"There was nothing else there, Faye. Just the skull.† â€Å"And the point is that we need to know more about the skull,† Diana put in. â€Å"For better or worse, we’re stuck with it now. I don’t think we should put it back on the island-â€Å" â€Å"Put it back!† Faye exclaimed. â€Å"-where anybody might find it, now that the protective spell is broken. It’s not safe there. I don’t know if it will be safe anywhere.† â€Å"Well, now,† Faye murmured, looking sleepy. â€Å"If it’s too much trouble for you, I’ll be glad to take care of it.† Diana just shot her a look that said Faye was the last person she’d ask to take care of the skull. But, Cassie noticed with a sinking feeling, Faye’s heavy-lidded amber eyes were not fixed on Diana’s face. They were trained on the little gold key at Diana’s throat. There was a knock at the door. Cassie started, hard enough that Laurel turned around and looked at her in surprise. But it was only Diana’s father, who’d come home with a bulging briefcase in his hand. Mr. Meade looked around the crowded room in mild surprise, as if he didn’t quite know who all these people were. Cassie wondered suddenly how much he knew about the Circle. â€Å"Is everyone staying for dinner?† he asked Diana. â€Å"Oh-no,† Diana said, looking at a dainty white and gold clock on the nightstand. â€Å"I didn’t realize it was after seven, Dad. I’ll fix something quick.† He nodded, and after one more quick, uncertain glance around the room, left. Bedsprings creaked and clothing rustled as everyone else got up. â€Å"Tomorrow we can meet at school,† Melanie said. â€Å"But I’ve got to study tonight; this whole last week has been shot and I’ve got a biology test.† â€Å"Me too,† said Laurel. â€Å"I’ve got algebra homework,† Suzan offered, and Deborah muttered, â€Å"Meaning you’ve got a week’s worth of soap tapes in the VCR.† â€Å"All right, we’ll meet tomorrow,† Diana said. She walked downstairs with them. You read "The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Three" in category "Essay examples" Faye managed to catch Cassie’s arm as the others were leaving, and she breathed in her ear, â€Å"Get it tonight. Call me and I’ll come and pick it up; then we’ll put it back before morning so she won’t notice it’s gone.† Cassie pulled her arm away rebelliously. But at the door, Faye gave her a meaningful look, and the flash in those amber eyes alarmed her. She stared at Faye a long moment, then nodded slightly. â€Å"Do you want me to stay?† Adam was saying to Diana. â€Å"No,† Cassie said quickly, before Diana could answer. They looked at her, startled, and she said, â€Å"I’ll stay and help make dinner, if it’s all right, Diana. I told my grandma and my mom I’d be gone and they’ve probably already eaten by now.† Diana’s graciousness rose to the fore. â€Å"Oh- of course you can stay, then,† she said. â€Å"We’ll be fine, Adam.† â€Å"Okay.† Adam gave Cassie a keen glance, which she returned woodenly. He went out, following Chris and Doug into the darkness. The flicker of a match up ahead showed where Nick was. Cassie looked up at the night sky, which glittered brashly with stars but not a trace of moon, and then stepped back as Diana shut the door. Dinner was quiet, with Mr. Meade sitting there, leafing through a newspaper, occasionally glancing up over his reading glasses at the two girls. Afterward they went back up to Diana’s room. Cassie realized she needed to stall. â€Å"You know, you never told me about that print,† she said, pointing. Decorating Diana’s walls were six art prints. Five of them were very similar, black and white with a slightly old-fashioned look. Diana had told her they were pictures of Greek goddesses: Aphrodite, the beautiful but fickle goddess of love; Artemis, the fierce virgin huntress; Hera, the imperious queen of the gods; Athena, the calm gray-eyed goddess of wisdom; and Persephone, who loved flowers and all growing things. But the last print was different. It was in color, and the style was more abstract, more modern. It showed a young woman standing beneath a starry sky, while a crescent moon shone silver down on her flowing hair. She was wearing a simple white garment, cut high to show a garter on her thigh. On her upper arm was a silver cuff-bracelet, and on her head was a thin circlet with a crescent moon, horns upward. It was the outfit Diana wore at meetings of the Circle. â€Å"Who is she?† Cassie said, staring at the beautiful girl in the print. â€Å"Diana,† Diana said wryly. Cassie turned to her, and she smiled. â€Å"The goddess Diana,† she added. â€Å"Not the Roman Diana; another one. She’s older than all the Greek goddesses, and she was different from them. She was a Great Goddess; she ruled everything. She was goddess of the night and the moon and the stars-there’s a story that once she turned all the stars into mice to impress the witches on earth. So they made her Queen of the Witches.† Cassie grinned. â€Å"I think it would take more than that to impress Faye.† â€Å"Probably. Some people say that her legend was based on an actual person, who taught magic and was a champion of poor women. Other people say she was first a Sun Goddess, but then she got chased out by male Sun Gods and turned to the night. The Romans got her confused with the Greek goddess Artemis-you know, the huntress-but she was much more than that. Anyway, she’s always been Queen of the Witches.† â€Å"Like you,† Cassie said. Diana laughed and shook her head. â€Å"I may not always be leader,† she said. â€Å"It all depends on what happens between now and November tenth. That’s the day of the leadership vote.† â€Å"Why November tenth?† â€Å"It’s my birthday-Faye’s too, coincidentally. You have to be seventeen to be permanent leader, and that’s when we both will be.† Cassie was surprised. Diana was still only sixteen, like her? She always seemed so mature, and she was a senior. But it was even stranger that Faye was so young, and that the cousins had the same birthday. She looked at Diana, sitting there on the bed. As beautiful as the girl in the last print was, Diana was more beautiful. With hair that indescribable color, like sunlight and moonlight woven together, and a face like a flower, and eyes like green jewels, Diana resembled something from a fairy tale or legend more than a real person. But the goodness and-well, purity that shone out of Diana’s eyes were very real indeed, Cassie thought. Cassie was proud to be her friend. Then the light flashed on the gold key around Diana’s neck and she remembered what she was there to do. I can’t, Cassie thought, as her stomach plummeted giddily. She could feel the slow, sick pounding of her heart. Right this minute around her own neck was hanging the crescent-moon necklace that Diana had given her at her initiation. How could she steal from Diana, deceive Diana? But she’d been through all that before. There was no way out. Faye would do exactly what she had threatened-Cassie knew that. The only way to save Diana was to deceive her. It’s for her own good, Cassie told herself. So just stop thinking about it. Do what you have to and get it over with. â€Å"Cassie? You look upset.† â€Å"I-† Cassie started to say, no, of course not, and change the subject the way she usually did when somebody caught her daydreaming. But then she had an idea. â€Å"I don’t really feel like going home alone,† she said, grimacing. â€Å"It’s not just the walk-it’s that house. It creaks and rattles all night long and sometimes I can’t even get to sleep. Especially if I’m thinking about. . . about†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Is that all?† Diana said, smiling. â€Å"Well, that’s easy to take care of. Sleep here.† Cassie was stricken at how easily Diana made the offer. â€Å"And if you’re worried about the skull,† Diana went on, â€Å"you can stop. It’s not going anywhere, and it’s not going to do anything more to hurt people. I promise.† Cassie’s face flamed and she had to struggle not to look at the cabinet. She would never have mentioned the skull herself: she couldn’t have gotten the word out. â€Å"Okay,† she said, trying to keep her voice normal. â€Å"Thanks. I’ll call my mom and tell her I’m staying over.† â€Å"We can drive to your house so you can get dressed in the morning-I’ll check on the guest room.† As Diana left, the voices in Cassie’s mind were rioting. You little sneak, they shouted at her. You nasty, weaselly, lying little traitor- Shut up! Cassie shouted back at them, with such force that they actually did shut up. She called her mother. â€Å"The guest room’s ready,† Diana said, reappearing as Cassie hung up the phone. â€Å"But if you get scared in the night you can come in here.† â€Å"Thanks,† Cassie said, genuinely grateful. â€Å"What are big sisters for?† They sat up and talked for a while, but neither of them had had much sleep the night before, and as the clock’s hands edged closer to ten they were both yawning. â€Å"I’ll take my bath tonight so you can have one in the morning,† Diana said. â€Å"The hot water doesn’t last long around here.† â€Å"Isn’t there a spell to take care of that?† Diana laughed and tossed a book to her. â€Å"Here, see if you can find one.† It was the Book of Shadows Diana had brought to Cassie’s initiation, the one that had been in Diana’s family since the first witches came to New Salem. The brittle yellow pages had a mildewy smell that made Cassie wrinkle her nose, but she was glad to have this chance to look at it. Toward the beginning of the book the writing was small and almost illegible, but further on it became stylized and beautiful, like copperplate. Different authors, Cassie thought, different generations. The Post-it notes and plastic flags on almost every page were the work of the current generation. It was full of spells, descriptions of coven meetings, rituals, and stories. Cassie pored over it, her eyes moving in fascination from one title to the next. Some of the spells seemed quaint and archaic; others were like something out of a modern pop-psychology book. Some were just timeless. A Charm to Cure a Sickly Child, she read. To Make Hens Lay. For Protection Against Fire and Water. To Overcome a Bad Habit. To Cast Out Fear and Malignant Emotions. To Find Treasure. To Change Your Luck. To Turn Aside Evil. A Talisman For Strength caught her eye. Take a smooth and shapely rock, and upon one face carve the rising sun and a crescent moon, horns up. Upon the reverse, the words: Strength of stone Be in my bone Power of light Sustain my fight. I could use that, Cassie thought. She continued flipping through the pages. A Spell Against Contagious Disease. To Hold Evil Harmless. To Cause Dreams. And then, as if her guilty conscience had summoned it up, another spell appeared before her eyes. For an Untrue Lover. Standing in the light of a full moon, take a strand of the lover’s hair and tie knots in it, saying: No peace find No friend keep No lover bind No harvest reap No repose take No hunger feed No thirst slake No sorrow speed No debt pay No fear flee Rue the day You wronged me. Cassie’s pulse was fluttering in her wrists. Would anyone really put a curse like that on someone they loved, no matter how unfaithful? She was still staring at the page when there was a movement at the door. She shut the book hastily as Diana came in, hair wrapped in a towel turban. But her eyes were drawn instantly to the gold chain Diana was dropping on the nightstand. It lay there next to a round stone with a spiral pattern in it, gray swirled with pale blue and sprinkled with quartz crystals. The chalcedony rose that Diana had given to Adam, and that Adam had given to Cassie. Now it was back where it belonged, Cassie thought, and something around her heart went numb. â€Å"The bathroom’s all yours,† said Diana. â€Å"Here’s a nightgown-or do you want a T-shirt?† â€Å"A nightgown’s fine,† Cassie said. All the time she was washing up and changing she kept seeing the key. If only Diana would leave it there†¦ It was still on the nightstand when she popped her head back in Diana’s room. Diana was already in bed. â€Å"Want me to shut the door?† â€Å"No,† Diana said, reaching up to turn out the light. â€Å"Just leave it open a bit. Good night.† â€Å"Good night, Diana.† But once in the guest room next door Cassie propped herself up on two pillows and lay staring at the ceiling. Strangely, it was almost peaceful, lying there and knowing that for the moment there was nothing she could do but wait. She could hear the sound of the ocean behind Diana’s house, now louder, now softer. She waited a long time, listening to the quiet sounds. She felt relaxed, until she thought about getting up-then her heart started to pound. At last she was sure Diana must be asleep. Now, she thought. If you don’t move now, you never will. Breath held, she shifted her weight in the bed and let her legs down. The hardwood floor creaked slightly as she crossed it, and she froze each time. Outside Diana’s door, she stood straining her ears. She could hear nothing. She put her hand on the door and slowly, by infinitesimal degrees, she pushed it open. Carefully, lungs burning because she was afraid to breathe too loud, she placed one foot inside the threshold and let her weight down on it. Diana was a dim shape on the bed. Please don’t let her eyes be open, Cassie thought. She had the horrible fantasy that Diana was just lying there staring at her. But as she took another slow, careful step inside, and another, she could see that Diana’s eyes were shut. Oh, God, Cassie thought. I have to breathe. She opened her mouth and exhaled and inhaled silently. Her heart was shaking her and she felt dizzy. Take tiny steps, she thought. She crept farther into the room until she was standing directly beside Diana. On the nightstand, just a few inches from Diana’s sleeping face, was the key. Feeling as if she was moving in slow motion, Cassie put her hand out, placed it flat on the key. She didn’t want to make any noise, but as she slid the necklace toward her, the chain rattled. She closed her fingers over it and held it tightly. Now to get away. She forced herself to creep, all the time looking over her shoulder at the bed-was Diana waking up? She reached the cabinet, and the little brass keyhole. Fit the key in. She was fumbling; her fingers felt clumsy as sausages. For a moment she panicked, thinking, what if it isn’t the right key after all? But at last she got it in and turned it. The lock clicked. Hot relief swept over Cassie. She’d done it. Now she had to get the skull and call Faye- and what if Faye didn’t answer? What if Diana’s father caught her phoning in the middle of the night, or if Diana woke up and found the skull missing†¦ ? But as she eased the cabinet door open the world blurred and went dark before her eyes. The hall light was shining into the cabinet. It was dim, but it was clear enough to show that all Cassie’s caution had been in vain, and all her fears about getting the skull to Faye were pointless. The cabinet was empty. Cassie never knew how long she stood there, unable to think or move. But at last she pushed the cabinet door shut with shaking hands and locked it. If it’s not here, then where is it? Where? she demanded frantically of herself. Don’t think about it now. Put the key back. Or do you want her to wake up while you’re standing here holding it? The journey back to Diana’s nightstand seemed to take forever, and her stomach ached as if someone were grinding a boot there. The key clinked as she replaced it on the nightstand and the chain stuck to her sweaty hand. But Diana’s breathing remained soft and even. Now get out, she ordered herself. She needed to be alone, to try and think. In her hurry to get away she forgot to be careful about placing her feet. A board creaked. Just keep going, never mind, she thought. Then she heard something that stopped her heart. A rustling from the bed. And then Diana’s voice. â€Å"Cassie?† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Three, Essay examples

Innovation and Enterprise Free Samples †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Write essay on 'Innovation and Enterprise'. Answer: Introduction: Tourism is one of the most important and economically overpowering industries of New Zealand. It contributes 3.7% of the countrys GDP which is around NZ$ 7.3 billion (Hall Page, 2012). Tourism in New Zealand is an enormous industry. It supports more than hundred thousand of full-time jobs which sore around 6% of the workforce of New Zealand. The flow-on effect of tourism also contributes 5% of GDP billion (Zealand, 2012). NZ$24 billion is added to its economy by both domestic and international tourists every year billion (Hall Page, 2012). New Zealand is perceived as the greenest and the cleanest adventure destination in the world tourism market. The natural scenic beauty of New Zealand is one of its most sought out features. The spectacular destinations are being widely viewed in various types of media including famous classic movies such as the Chronicles of Narnia, The Hobbit Trilogy and The Lord of the Rings Trilogy. It was only the perspective of the filmmakers which presented the scenic beauty of New Zealand in such a way that it gained maximum popularity amongst tourists from all over the world (Bricker et al., 2012). Along with the natural beauty and renowned tourist attracting destinations, the tourism industry of New Zealand has also gained popularity due to various adventurous sports and exciting activities. Famous thrill activities which originated in New Zealand, include bungee jumping as well as jet boats which have today become densely popular among people from all around the world. There are many other adventurous activities which include trampling, skiing, water sports and mountaineering (Rinehart Sydnor, 2012). These activities have become famous among the people who seek adventurous sports and have a high adrenaline rush. Bungee jumping is one of the favorite activity that became world famous after its commercial conception by AJ Hackett in the year 1986 (Bridges, 2014). Discussion: Bungee or bungy jumping is one of the adventurous activities which have originated from New Zealand. It has become a renowned activity among the thrill seekers all around the world (Bridges, 2014). In this sports people are securely connected and attached with a large as well as a strong elastic cord while they jump from a high structure such as a bridge, building or moving objects or vehicles such as a helicopter or a hot air balloon (Bridges, 2014). The cord attached to the person helps a person to stay safe and not die. Anyone who attempts the jump first falls and then bounces up and then again down. This goes on for several times before the person comes to a halt. When a person jumps, he experiences the high thrill and a high adrenaline rush. This happens due to the recoiling of the cord and the kinetic energy that is built up due to the fall. Jumping from a tall structure while remaining attached to a vine was an old ritual of Vanuatu from which AJ Hackett got his inspiration (Rinehart Sydnor, 2012). He was the first person to make bungee jumping an organized commercial adventure activity. His first jump was from the Auckland's Greenhithe Bridge in the year 1986 (Rinehart Sydnor, 2012). In the coming years, he jumped from many famous structures like the Eiffel tower. His attempt to jump from a favorite spot started building interest in this sport among the public. He opened the first public bungee jumping place in Queenstown of New Zealand at the Kawarau Gorge Suspension Bridge (Bridges, 2014). The commercialization of the sports resulted in many bungee jumping sites to come up all over the world. The AJ Hackett International company is the world's largest tourism brand of gravity related sports. It was started by AJ Hackett and his friend Henry van Asch (Rinehart Sydnor, 2012). This company is in the forefront of the adventure tourism industry since its conception. The AJ Hackett International has set a standard which is used for measuring the standards of other adventure sports operators. The company implemented various innovative products to make bungee jumping world famous (Thomassen Balle, 2012). The primary products provided by AJ international are bungy jumping, heli bungy, tower climb, Skyjump, Skywalk X and outdoor observation decks (Thomassen Balle, 2012). As the inventor of the sport, AJ Hackett International has created a system so that customers can safely leap off from structures with ease from a height of around 30 meters to 250 meters (Thomassen Balle, 2012). Bungy jumping allows people to experience the free fall through implementing various innovative sys tems for a safe bungy jumping. Heli jumping is also one of the best adventurous sports service sections of the company. Customers jump from a helicopter while they remain attached to a bungee cord securely (Wilks et al., 2013). They are accompanied by a jump master each and every time who provides a briefing to the customers on the accurate techniques of attempting the jump (Thomassen Balle, 2012). The tower climbing is famous in urban areas. A small group of people is accompanied by crew members to climb towers such as Macaus summit which is at an elevation of 338 meters above sea level. People can have a lifetime experience by climbing towers which are not available usually (Thomassen Balle, 2012). Skyjump is another gravity related activity which is provided by AJ Hackett International. In sky jumps, a person is suspended with the help of chords from two sides and is allowed to fall towards the ground. At a height of 15 meters from the ground the speed is decreased by the use of a brake available with the chords and the person can slowly and safely land on the ground (Thomassen Balle, 2012). The primary aim of the AJ Hackett International is to create a unique environment which customers can experience to overcome their fears (Wilks et al., 2013). Its foremost values are customer service, customer safety, committed professional crew members, creative and innovative new products, a better environment and community and honesty and integrity among the people associated with the company. The company's ambition is to keep developing and growing their products offerings so that people from all cultures, ability, and age can experience the thrill and joy of their services (Wilks et al., 2013). The company's mission is to continue being the world leader in adventure-based tourism. The company also wants to continue delivering various kinds of services to customers so that they can experience the ultimate man-made adventure (Wilks et al., 2013). The brand of AJ International has faith in values such as the best technology and innovation, culture and belief, fun, reliability and safety along with respect and leadership. The first and the most important thing to the company is the security of the customers and their crew members. Their most important job is to eliminate any possible risks or potential incidents. They strive to achieve this security by proper operational awareness, world class site designs, and the best technologies. The crew members are highly trained and are standardized by the Jump Master Accreditation through regular training courses (Wilks et al., 2013). All the technologies and products used by the company are of the highest standards. It is to ensure the safety of the crew along with the customers. AJ Hackett manufactures all sorts of Bungy cords. Their production unit manufactures equipment specifically according to the usage and the geographical location where it will be used. The hardware which is used for the services is certified and rated before it can enter the market (Wilks et al., 2013). The popularity of the adventure sports and the AJ Hackett International was achieved by various underlying research and innovations (McKay, 2013). The services provided by the company achieved its inspirations from different aspects of life. Its central core is based on enthusiasm which was the initial reason that AJ Hackett started this business (McKay, 2013). He along with his friend Henry created this company so that they can keep experiencing the thrill and can challenge each other along with their friends for personal growth and satisfaction. He based the company on these particular values. The company provides these extreme sports experiences so that people from a variety of culture and ethics can come across and experience an absolute unique thrill (McKay, 2013). The company has many subsidiaries all over the world. It has bungy spots and other sports support at other sites and countries like China, Singapore, Australia, Russia, and Europe. The company became a world success due to its various products which gave people the thrill they seek. Popular culture has also influenced its increasing demands (McKay, 2013). The media has used its services many times, which took it to a whole new level. All over the world people could view these sports which enhanced is public demands. The company bases its products on the type of place and culture. For urban cities, it incorporated services like vertical skywalking, outdoor observations decks, and many others (McKay, 2013). Various researches were needed for attaining such public demand. The company started looking at its safety values. For the safety, new technologies were implemented (Wilks et al., 2013). For instance, the chords which are used for bungy jumps or skywalks were manufactured specifically according to the type of product and the places where it will be utilized for ultimate safety and thrill (Wilks et al., 2013). New training courses were introduced to train people worldwide for the jumping crews. For providing a swift experience to people, it created the best management teams, online supports, reservations systems, jump coordinators and transport, so that people can have the best experience from starting till the end. One of the notable features of the company is that the firm also provides photography support and mementos free of cost for the public to use these services again and again (Wilks et al., 2013). All these initiatives had a positive impact on the organization. People get a unique experience from the company which they will not get from any other service providers. People not only get a lifetime experience from the sports but a unique experience from the companys other aspects. The innovative and creative ideas of the company made their service demands by people to reach a high level. The company changed the concept of tourism (Thomassen Balle, 2012). It gave people a new aspect to indulge into when they are enjoying their vacations. AJ Hackett International is a pioneer in the field of adventure tourism. Its products and services made it reach a high standard. AJ Hackett International is the company which is used to measure the level of other adventure related organizations. Its safety and technology are of the highest grades (Thomassen Balle, 2012). The invention of bungee jumping by AJ Hackett and the creation of the AJ Hackett International brand gave a new perspective to the people for relishing their vacations and experience ultimate fun (Thomassen Balle, 2012). It created a new type of tourism service. People from all over the world want to experience such extreme and thrilling sports to get an adrenaline rush. The global tourism industry changed due to its unusual implementations. The international, as well as domestic travel, increased substantially in New Zealand (Thomassen Balle, 2012). Conclusion: The tourism industry in New Zealand expanded to the second highest level of its dairy industry. The boom in the tourism sector came from the many adventurous activities which gradually entered the tourism market. The new adventure tourism has spread all over the world from New Zealand. All around the world there is an increased demand for adventurous sports and other physical activities such as hiking and skiing . The idea of a vacation has considerably changed as now the tourists are venturing more and more into activities other than just visiting sight scenes. The activities such as trampling, tower climbing, and outdoor sky desks provided a new meaning to see a tourist place. Nature can be felt intimately if one indulges in trampling. A city can be viewed from the tallest towers and sky desks. Tourism got a whole new dimension from this area of adventure activities. References: Bricker, K., Black, R., Cottrell, S. (2012).Sustainable Tourism The Millennium Development Goals. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Bridges, J. (2014).No 8 Rewired: 202 New Zealand Inventions that Changed the World. Penguin UK. Butler, R., Hall, C. M., Jenkins, J. (1997).Tourism and recreation in rural areas. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Hall, C. M., Page, S. (2012).Tourism in south and southeast Asia. Routledge. Li, Y. (2013).Dynamic Analysis of Bungee Jumping(Doctoral dissertation, WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE). Lovelock, C., Patterson, P. G., Wirtz, J. (2014).Services marketing. Pearson Australia. McKay, T. (2013). Adventure tourism: opportunities and management challenges for SADC destinations.Acta Academia,45(3), 30-62. Rinehart, R. E., Sydnor, S. (Eds.). (2012).To the extreme: Alternative sports, inside and out. Suny Press. Sun, M., Zhang, X., Ryan, C. (2015). Perceiving tourist destination landscapes through Chinese eyes: The case of South Island, New Zealand.Tourism Management,46, 582-595. Thomassen, B., Balle, M. (2012). From Liminal to Limivoid: Understanding contemporary Bungee Jumping in a cross-cultural perspective.Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice,4(1), 59-93. Tojari, F., Bavarsad, M., Esmaeili, M. R. (2014). The Analysis of Motivational Factors of Action Sports.International Journal of Sport Studies,4(3), 264-270. Wilks, J., Stephen, J., Moore, F. (Eds.). (2013).Managing tourist health and safety in the new millennium. Routledge. Zealand, S. N. (2012).Tourism satellite account: 2012. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand. Available from www. stats. govt. nz. ISSN. Zealand, S. N. (2014). International Visitor Arrivals to New Zealand: December 2013. Zealand, S. N. (2015). The Economic Value of Sport and Recreation to the Gisborne Region. Zealand, S. N. (2015). The Economic Value of Sport and Recreation to the Southland Region.

Window of Vulnerability Calculation Essay Example

Window of Vulnerability Calculation Paper CALCULATE THE WINDOW OF VULNERABILITY A security breach has been identified within a small Microsoft workgroup LAN. The workgroup consists of three primary workgroups which contain group membership lists of users within the Active Directory infrastructure that currently exists on the SMB Server that is located within the confines of the LAN structure. The security breach, which is defined as any event that results in a violation of any of the CIA (confidentiality, integrity, availability) security principles, was caused by the SMB server being accessed by an unauthorized user due to a security hole that was detected by the server software manufacturer the previous day. The security patch will not be available until possible as long as three days, but hopefully within that timeframe. In addition, the LAN administrator needs at least one week (minimum) to download, test, and install the patch. To calculate the Window of Vulnerability (WoV) for this security breach, the following timeline will be used as a guideline to determine the basis for calculation: However, first it is important to understand the variables considered in this timeline formula. The WoV is the period within which defensive measures are reduced, compromised, or lacking. The WoV covers a timeline from the moment a vulnerability is discovered and identified by the vendor. We will write a custom essay sample on Window of Vulnerability Calculation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Window of Vulnerability Calculation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Window of Vulnerability Calculation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It also includes the time taken to create, publish, and finally apply a fix to the vulnerability. It is also important to explore the device(s) that were targeted by the attack. In this instance, being the SMB server within the LAN. The SMB server utilizes an application layer network protocol, which can run atop the session layer. It provides shared access to files, printers, serial ports, and network nodes (workstations, laptops, desktops, etc. ) and provides a client/server relationship throughout the network. This means that every domain layer of the IT Infrastructure can possibly be affected at some level by this security breach that has occurred, which must be considered in the timeframe analysis of the WoV as well. In addition, it is important to consider exactly how this security breach occurred, when determining counter-measures to contain and reduce the likelihood of any such occurrences from happening again. However, these factors are not actually part of the timeline for calculating the WoV, but should be addressed when understanding the WoV. The security hole that was detected by the server software manu-facturer the previous day gave the unauthorized user a window of opportunity/vulnerability by discovering the backdoor (security hole) to access resources and bypass existing security controls, password encryption, and access controls that were put in place to protect the IT infrastructure. It is possible that a utility such as netcat was used or a rootkit or some type of Trojan horse backdoor software or device. Calculation of Window of Vulnerability: Factors to consider in the timeline: * 1 Day Ago = Security Hole Detected by Manufacturer * 3 Days = A patch will be Available 1 Week = Minimum time for LAN admin to download/test/install patch Therefore, Day 0 = 09/28/12; + 3 days = 10/01/12; + 7 days = 10/08/12 (min) *[+ 2 days extra for any potential problems] 10/10/12 = Day n . This can be depicted in the following graphical display: Day n = a total of 13 days have elapsed from Day 0 . In conclusion, the WoV would be 1 3 days based on this timeframe. *You could conceivably calculate the WoV to be 11 days without including the additional 2 days I figured in for margin of error/potential problems. However, it is best to always calculate on a worst-case scenario basis when calculating the Window of Vulnerability

The Greedy Lumpy Old Man Essays

The Greedy Lumpy Old Man Essays The Greedy Lumpy Old Man Essay The Greedy Lumpy Old Man Essay Summary of A Lumpy Old Man Having a kind and gentle heart as well as a wonderful voice, went to the mountain to gather wood with his back rack. Soon it became dark, so he found an old house nearby and entered the house. While he sang a song in the empty house, he met goblins. The Lumpy Old Man said to the goblins that the singing came from his lump. Then, he changed his lump for lots of valuable treasures and went back home. A greedy old man hearing this news went to the mountain and sang a Eng. Then, he met goblins. However, the goblins werent deceived again and punished him. Learning Focus Do not greedy Story A long time ago, there lived a Lumpy Old Man. On his cheek, there hung a large lump like a big gourd bottle. Old Man, one step, his lump dangling, dangling. Old Man, two step, his lump dangling, dangling! The townspeople would make fun of him, but he would Just smile with a grin, Ha ha One day he went to the mountain to gather wood with his back rack. All, All, All, All, W I can Dud my mother role. All, All, All, All with this wood I can buy my mother clothes. , with this wood I can buy my mother shoes. All, All, All, All, Oh, this is good. The Old Man not only had a kind and gentle heart but a wonderful voice. The Old Man came down from the mountain with a full load of wood on his back rack. Soon it became dark. Swoosh, swoosh, swoosh l cant, I cant go any further. What if I meet a tiger in the middle of the night going down the mountain? Luckily, at that time , he found an old house nearby. Alright, it looks empty, so guess I can spend the night here. The Lumpy Old Man entered the house. The door was nearly falling down, dangling, dangling. On the wall there were holes the size of a fist, pop, pop! Shivering winds were blowing outside, whoosh, whoosh! Oh, its scary in here! I think I will sing a song. Moon, moon, bright moon! Daytime, daytime, where are you? Nighttime, nighttime you have returned. Moon, moon, bright moon, where is your home? Bang! Suddenly the door swung open. The Lumpy Old Man stopped singing and raised his head. Have or SIX godsons stood tenure listening to Nils song. The goblins looked evil with horns on their heads. Oh my goodness, I have entered a goblins lair all by myself. However, watching closely, he saw the goblins were fascinated by his singing. They closed their eyes softly and swayed their hands and feet back and forth to the song. He was relieved and continued his song. After he finished his song, the goblins came over to him and asked, Old Man, your song is pleasing. Where does your singing voice come from? From my mouse. Dont l ie If this was true, anybody with a mouth should be able to sing Just like you. Actually, its from my throat. No, No! We have throats too. Just tell us the truth. Just tell us the truth. Ah, well, the singing comes from this singing pouch. The Old Man replied, shooing off his lump and rubbing it slowly. Thats right, thats it! The goblins surrounded the Old Man and looked closer at his lump. They darted here and there, this way and that, looking around. Wondering about the lump. Singing pouch Old Man, why dont you sell us this singing pouch. No way, how can I sell something stuck to my body? He he he, we will take care of that. In an Instant, ten godsons cleanly solace TOT Nils lump. The goblins then gave the Old Man lots of valuable treasures and went on their way. In the bright afternoon, when the Old Man returned to town, he carried the treasures on his back rack. Everyone looked in surprised with their eyes wide open. Old Man, how did you get rid of your lump? Wow, where did all that treasure come from? The Old Man simply grinned and said, The lumpy pouch was a treasure pouch, a treasure pouch! The Old Man became a very rich man from that day on. Rumor had it that the Old Man got rid of his lump and got the treasure from the goblins. The rumor spread from house to house, town to town. Then the rumor came to another lumpy old man living in a nearby town. However, this other lumpy old man was too greedy. Him, I will get rid of my lump and get treasure. Of course, I will get more treasure than that other Old Man. The Greedy Lumpy Old Man immediately went to the mountain. Huh, whats the use of gathering wood? Its only good to have treasure. He then found the goblins lair and entered it. The Greedy Lumpy Old Man sang a song at the top of his voice. Dear goblins, dear goblins.

Allomorph Word Forms and Sounds

Allomorph Word Forms and Sounds In phonology, an allomorph is a variant form of a morpheme. (A morpheme is the smallest unit of a language.) For example, the plural in English has three different morphs, making plural an allomorph, because there are alternatives. Not all plurals are formed in the same way; theyre made in English with three different morphs: /s/, /z/, and  [É™z], as in kicks, cats, and sizes, respectively.   For example, when we find a group of different  morphs, all versions of one morpheme, we can use the prefix  allo-  ( one of a closely related set) and describe them as allomorphs of that morpheme. Take the morpheme plural. Note that it can be attached to a number of lexical morphemes to produce structures like cat   plural, bus   plural, sheep   plural, and man   plural. In each of these examples, the actual forms of the morphs that result from the morpheme plural are different. Yet they are all allomorphs of the one morpheme. So, in addition to /s/ and /É™z/, another allomorph of plural in English seems to be a zero-morph because the plural form of  sheep  is actually sheep   ∅. When we look at man   plural, we have a vowel change in the word...as the morph that produces the irregular plural form  men. (George Yule, The Study of Language, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Past Tense Allomorphs Past tense is another morpheme that has multiple morphs and is thus an allomorph. When you form the past tense, you add the sounds /t/, /d/, and /É™d/ to words to put them in past tense, such as in talked, grabbed, and wanted, respectively. Completely arbitrary allomorphs, such as English  went  (go  Ã‚  past tense), are relatively rare in the  lexicon, and occur almost exclusively with a few very frequent words. This unpredictable kind of allomorphy is called  suppletion. (Paul Georg Meyer, Synchronic English Linguistics: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Gunter Narr Verlag, 2005) Pronunciation Can Change Depending on the context, allomorphs can vary in shape and pronunciation without changing meaning, and the formal relation between phonological allomorphs is called an  alternation.  [A]n underlying morpheme can have multiple surface level allomorphs (recall that the prefix allo means other). That is, what we think of as a single unit (a single morpheme) can actually have more than one  pronunciation  (multiple allomorphs)...We can use the following analogy:  phoneme:  allophone   morpheme: allomorph. (Paul W. Justice, Relevant Linguistics: An Introduction to the Structure and Use of English for Teachers, 2nd ed. CSLI, 2004) For example, [t]he  indefinite article  is a good example of a morpheme with more than one allomorph. It is  realized  by the two forms  a  and  an. The sound at the beginning of the following word determines the allomorph that is selected. If the word following the indefinite article begins with a  consonant, the allomorph  a  is selected, but if it begins with a  vowel  the allomorph  an  is used instead... [A]llomorphs of a morpheme are in  complementary distribution. This means that they cannot substitute for each other. Hence, we cannot replace one allomorph of a morpheme by another allomorph of that morpheme and change meaning. (Francis Katamba, English Words: Structure, History, Usage, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2004) More on the Term Itself   The terms adjectival use is  allomorphic. Its etymology derives from the Greek,  Ã‚  other form.

Shifts in the Economic System from Building Real Capital to Building Research Paper

Shifts in the Economic System from Building Real Capital to Building Credit - Research Paper Example This paper demonstrates how the values of the economic system have shifted from amassing real capital or wealth to building credit. Building credit is presently revered in all sectors and industries, areas including transportation, entrepreneurship and real estate. This is primarily because good credit good credit is essential, not only to getting loans and credit cards, but more and more firms and societies are making the case that individuals must possess good credit prior to extending products and services to their customers. The issue of the shifting values, in the economic system, towards building credit is an important topic of discussion since it not only demonstrates the evolution of economic rhetoric, but also helps anticipate future trends in economic system. The modern economic environment is such that credit is a greater determiner of wealth accumulation than real capital The accumulation of real capital, which encompasses both financial capital and wealth essentially, refers to the accrual of ownership claims on labor and other forms of capital. Real capital can be epitomized in financial terms, for instance, having financial securities characterized by the ownership of massive funds to get hold of wealth and capital. Therefore, accumulating capital encompasses amassing objects of value by concentrating wealth or capital, for instance, financial capital, natural capital, social capital and human capital. However, in the modern day, credit is what dictates the wellbeing of the financial world. This is the case, not only among first-time home buyers, but Fortune 500 companies that significantly affect national economies (Guseva, 2005). Lenders, whether local, national, regional or global make decisions concerning the credit worthiness of their borrowers on the basis of their credit histories or scores. At present, having a strong credit history is a major determining factor for one’s access to wealth, for instance, homes and cars since credit scores and histories influence access to loans, mortgages and other forms of financial investments. The shift in economic value from building real capital to building credit has been influenced by the microeconomic environment in which organizations and individuals are increasingly shunning physical money in favor of credit. Today, one does not require physical money to make purchases since credit cards allow for exchange of goods and services by swiping credit cards. This occurrence in the microeconomic environment has, in tur n, resulted in the shifts in economic values and ideologies in the macroeconomic environment. The real meaning of building credit is to meet the requirements lenders establish. The macroeconomic theory presently integrates credit and banking by appreciating the role of both banking and credit in shaping the overall economy (Heijdra & Ploeg, 2002). The present economic system appreciates the macro mechanisms that link the real economy to variables inherent in the environment, for instance, climatic changes and

Analyze life in America or Europe during the Roaring 20s as depicted Essay

Analyze life in America or Europe during the Roaring 20s as depicted in the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald or Ernest Hemingway - Essay Example The improvement in the field of women’s rights and increased social freedom produced a new type of a modern looking short-haired, sexually liberated woman. Americans had more leisure time and literature, as well as art, became a national pursuit for them. Among the dazzling heroes of the Roaring Twenties was F. Scott Fitzgerald who had the talent of describing the high life he himself was a part of and simultaneously detached from as an observer. Though he was not recognized as a gifted writer during his lifetime, his somber side was recognized by very few readers. It was not until after Fitzgerald’s death that the readers recognized his worth. He used to write amateur lyrical comedies while attending Princeton University which he left without attaining a degree. The true depiction of the pleasure seeking generation of the Roaring Twenties was seen in his first novel â€Å"This Side of Paradise† followed by a similar novel â€Å"The Beautiful and Damned†. Some of his collections of short stories such as the â€Å"Flappers and Philosophers† and â€Å"Tales of the Jazz Age† also increased his reputation. Fitzgerald’s masterpiece â€Å"The Great Gatsby† did not receive as much fame as the ones written before but this story was uniquely moralistic revolving around a wealthy bootlegger Jay Gatsby. It seemed Fitzgerald could see the moral bleakness that the American society confronted in the 1920s. The characters that Fitzgerald chose in his works were very close to the flaws of real life which he was depicting in nearly all his novels. The Roaring Twenties brought with it a chaotic lifestyle of the Americans with heavy alcoholism common in most of the households. Fitzgerald himself was a part of this fast moving generation and it has been widely known that his personal life marred his career as a literary writer. His work was not much appreciated during his lifetime but critics agree that after his death most of his works got

How the world has changed Essay Example for Free

How the world has changed Essay The essay â€Å"Use Your Own Words† by Anne Trubek argues a great point that technology is changing the way we read and write and that spell must change also. Should the world let technology take over? What is the purpose of a map if you can easily find it on your phone and get directions? Think about it, what is the purpose of having a book or newspaper in modern times if you can easily go on the internet. She supports this by showing and explaining how spelling checkers and much more are slowly messing with the way we spell. What Trubek states in her argument is very true, spelling has went from â€Å"As soon as possible to ASAP† just in a matter of centuries. It all started in 1475 reducing the amount of letters in words, abbreviating. Back then there was no one or thing to tell you whether you spelled it wrong or right now we have many systems that correct the spelling. Even though it was used in that time as telegrams. I agree that we have let technology change the way the spelling system is now; some of the effects are hardly changeable. For instance text messaging has made people have a certain and crazy way of spelling that most well a lot of professors, teachers and more dont always understand. Kids and certain adults communicate in many different modalities as a result of technology. When using iPhones, tablets, smart pads and more they use T9 word which corrects the spelling as you text or swipe and let you circle some of the words and it spells them for you. When I started high school and got my first phone I used it, it’s a technology built to help people typing on cellphones. I didn’t know how to spell words so it used set of words that where similar to the word I was looking for. Texting became even easier to me when I was a minor. Some people are happy but 10% complain as Trubek stated â€Å"Damn you, autocorrect† (220). When you look on websites people misspell a lot using spelling systems like swipe, then have to apologize for the mistakes. While younger centuries are developing this apart of their lives, older are saying we have lost are mind. Another true fact is teacher even want us to use spelling  grammar and check on computers like in Microsoft word and more. The spelling system argues that spelling reform would make a huge change in the world today that’s the way she looked at it if you read page 221 they stated that reduce the words help people get a better understanding. Just slowly and often not in an organized way. There are many words that were once spelled very differently but have now changed. For example, error was spelled errour. In American language has been up and down beaten and destroyed just as fast as it was built. The writing has even changed certain formats for certain paper, the way your letters look, everything. I believe she feels we have already done enough to it what could possible go wrong with trying to make it better in the world, changing the spelling systems and making it not so much as slang but as proper English, or even just letting people know what goes where and not always shorting the word. In the future at the rate there going words want live on it will be codes that you will have to go by. It is great that we have established new inventions but not to take and destroy what many of our ancestors built. I think that most important thing to her is how she can make a change; I mean I understand we have let technology do a lot for us. Like computers, tablets, phones can keep all of those files and handouts in neat folders. The way that we think of textbooks is completely changing. It is no longer just text and pictures. Today’s textbooks often have web-based sites that include assessments, animations, additional materials, videos, and other materials to support the learning of new contents. Even you have books that can be downloaded on everything and it reads it for you and or watch the movie or as I like to call it the remake. Which by the way takes away from your reading skills and more? I’m not sure if this is a part of the learning, but we don’t pass notes in class anymore. Because we can easily get them off are email or as most students do text one another instead. Its just another funny way how technology has changed education. As I look over this essay it makes me want to take and bye me a lot of dictionary sit down and study every word in the book. Instead on using the one on my phone and cutting down on the way I spell in my texting. When Trubek stated â€Å"Standardized spelling enables readers to understand writing, to aid communication and ensure clarity† (222). She made me think about what my grandmother always told me â€Å"don’t eat anything if you can’t spell it; know where it came from and what’s in it. This is a great article I would encourage a lot of people to read it and think about it, and hopeful as they get older try to change the way they incorporate how to spell, read write and learn.

Essay --

Interactions in the global political economy always result in outcomes such that winners and losers are produced in each political activity. These outcomes vary from country to country depending on factors governing the country’s economic and political environment. Outcomes here range from monetary and trade policy outcomes to outcomes from crises. It is a widely accepted view that outcomes in the global political economy are, most of the time, a result of economic as well as political factors. One of the influential political factors is concerned with institutions. According to North (1991), institutions act as constraints that shape interactions between politics, economics, and society. Furthermore, political institutions are important in initiating rules about policymaking process, weighing preferences of different interest groups, and determining the extent to which interest groups affect policies (Hiscox, 2008). In terms of trade, demands for trade policies from special i nterest groups are converted into policy consequences that affect how people behave, which in turn determines the winners and losers. In view of regime formation, domestic institutions such as electoral and political systems and the distribution of governmental powers are said to have an influence on multilateral regimes through credibility (Cowhey, 1993). Apart from this, whether a country is likely to implement free trade policies or not also largely depends on the type of political systems that country has; democracy, autocracy, or monarchy. In this essay, I would like to focus on the importance of domestic institutions especially electoral systems, political systems, and veto players in producing the trade policy and crises outcomes in the global politica... ...ther the Democrat party can accumulate enough support to replace the government. If not, in order to end this cycle, there might be a need to reconsider the compatibility of democracy with Thailand’s political structure. As seen, institutions such as electoral systems and veto players are an important factor in determining outcomes in the global political economy both in terms of trade policies and crises. Regarding trade policies, having a democratic regime is likely to bring about economic growth through trade liberalisation. In reference to tackling crises, democracies and autocracies have equal chance of experiencing a crisis; however, a democratic country tends to recover faster because it is relatively easy for the population to replace the unsuccessful leader. Ultimately, strong and stable domestic institutions are the foundation of a country’s development.

Associates Capstone Essay

Executive Summary In going through some of things regarding buying the business I think Mike should make sure that the coffee shop is up to code. He should talk to officials about required standards, for running a coffee shop, licenses; the different laws for having the shop in Sunnydale, Illinois, all of will be needed and will help to keep the restaurant running properly inside and out. It is also important that he reviews each file for all employees making sure all documents that are needed for hire are there, reading through and seeing the difference in their duties and the performance prior to him buying the shop and respond accordingly and whatever decisions he makes with each one or if hiring new document all that is done to cover himself within the law. Going through the business files and reading the comments given by customers is important for this will help to give him proper information on what is liked and dislike about the coffee shop and making a plan to change things or get new things to keep them satisfied and coming back, for ex: as accepting credit cards for payments as well as cash. Going more into the business files checking on the finances and accounting is important to be sure all is accounted for, profits are being make and what the next plan would be according to what is found. This will also help in what they are spending for supplies and necessities and where he can save money and use it for other things needed, also go over the income part to see where they can change prices and get better ideas compare the coffee shop to the competitors place and prices. Also make sure all appliances are up to date and properly handle according to code. After reviewing all of these things an going forward making a proper business plan and procedures of moving forward will give Mike a properly ran business with happy customers coming in and employees glad to keep it running and making profits. Regulations In reviewing some of the personnel files on the employees it seems you will have to definitely put together a company/employee/personnel manual. This will help with the government regulations for the State in which the coffee shop is in and it will also spell out what the Company will expect of the employees and what they expect in terms of benefits and other topics related to employment. (The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Starting Your Own Business, page 203). Be sure that when creating this manual you have included all the necessary rules that you want and intend to enforce, (no drinking on the job, no smoking in the workplace, excessive tardiness, or absenteeism, no sexual harassment, no discrimination in the workplace, no stealing and all other rules that will be enforced, then have a meeting with the current employees and any new employee to review before getting started and have them each sign it to keep in their personnel files. This will let them know that you intend to en force these rules and if not followed the consequences could be termination. Management First thing I would do is create a business plan, Mike is considered the Strategic Manager for the coffee shop and he will need to create a plan, organize it, lead it and control the outcome of all that will happen within the business. He will need to focus on the long term goals of the shop and once he has these can move forward in communicating with the employees. He will then need to meet with each of the employees individually to go over their files, be sure to update them with all proper paperwork and they are legal to work. When discussing things with them do not bring up personal topics: marital status, race, religion, etc. for this would be a violation and is not permitted during any type of interview or meeting with an existing employee or new employee. You can let them know the good things about working for you at the shop and even some things that are not so good, make sure the employee knows what work they will be doing and agrees to it and they will be able to perform these duties, you can also see if they have questions regarding the manual and take care of it at that moment have them sign indicating they have read and understand it. I think he should also review the break room and clean it up putting up the proper documents on the board and take down all that unnecessary stuff on it. He needs to have posted the proper documents of the law with minimum wage and health. The only other thing up there could be the schedule and notes of reminders of what needs to be done. He then should take care of the stock room and office to have them both properly cleaned up things in right places. Once all these things have been accomplished it will make for a better organized area and easier for him to control and lead his employees and have a well established running coffee shop. Finance and Accounting Reviewing the finances is important; it seems they have a very high salary expense (for a coffee shop) and supplies expense that needs attending to. This means checking with other suppliers and their prices. As for the salaries we would need to go over everyone’s positions held and the salary they are being paid and make sure it fits with their positions and pay scale. As I continued going through the files I noticed the income tax/employment tax and other forms were still from 2006, need to get all those updated from previous owner or get them taken care of and all financial and payroll taxes to date. Not filing properly for state taxes/employment/unemployment is a violation and subject to penalties. I would also review the loan that was taken out on the freezer and be sure all payments had been made previously on time and see what the payoff is, he may be able to save monies on paying it off then paying the extra interest each month. Once all of these are reviewed and items that need attention either corrected or forms filled out and all things brought to date, Mike will have a better understanding of the numbers and all within in the business to get him started and ready to go. Make the decisions on what actions need to be taken to achieve these goals. This is part of the strategic planning of the long term goals for the company; it covers major portions of the company. Organizing, Joe will have to get organize the departments, get the right people in place, create the proper systems needed to properly run the company, bring together all resources needed to have it run properly. Now he will have to take these and lead his employees under him to want to be there and work and give there all, with motivation and communication. He will maintain good contact with them to give them what they need to keep the company running properly with all he has organized. Proper leading of employees will help to give more of themselves to produce quality work by giving guidance and inspiration to them. Leading takes place in many areas of the business not just from the top, also from teams, divisions and departments. He will also set values and mission with his leading. Now the last part of the management function is controlling, taking all of the planning, organizing and leading and controlling it to keep it functional. All the other functions isn’t the success of the company it is the monitoring the performance and make changes where necessary. He needs to make sure the plans are being used and goals are being met within the company, also needs feedback in all areas so that he can make changes, to processes, procedures where needed. Financial Statements Checking to be sure all the financial statements have been done and balanced is very important. In checking the business files it seems they balanced but not all were completed, this will help to know where the business stands and where changes could be made. There are 4 parts to the financial statements, income statement, balance sheet, cash flows and owner’s equity. I only noticed 2 of the 4 mentioned in the business files each one of these statements has its own meaning that should be understood even if Mike plans to have someone else handle it, income statement will let him know whether or not the business is profitable, it totals the revenue and then subtracts the expenses associated with making that revenue; results being the pretax profit and after taxes are paid net income. These statements can be done monthly, yearly, quarterly or year to date, I think for Mike monthly would be good for it will show how much he has sold and what it cost to create the sales each month. The balance sheet is a snapshot of how things are at a particular moment, shows the amount of assets and liabilities at a particular point and time, where his income statement shows the flow of money in and out of the company in a specific time frame. His cash flow statement could be the most important for it will tell him whether or not he has enough cash to pay the bills. This statement will reflect investments, borrowing, etc. and other balance sheet changes. The key challenge is that he will need to keep more cash coming in than going out especially with just starting out. His owner’s equity will be the portion of the balance sheet which shows what is left over when all liabilities are subtracted from all assets. This is the number he wants to maximize because it can reflect th e book value of his company. Once Mike has reviewed all of these and are updated he will know what changes will need to be made within the coffee shop from many points. Problem Solving Problem solving and decision making are very important factors in every managers or persons within their business, even in the Coffee Shop for Mike. He will have things that happen or a daily basis and even on an hourly basis in which his skills as the owner and manger are in demand. He may at first with many as a reaction to things react against it, which can cause a downward spiral. He may look at the past and use the old way to fix a current problem and that usually doesn’t work. Mike will need to have a planned approach and then execute it. By doing this he will avoid having the same problem over and over again and use doesn’t continually solve a different problem the same way as the other. There are a few approaches he can take, he can define the problem, look at the potential causes, find different ways to solving the problem, choose which solution is best, make the action plan and then monitor and verify the solution. By doing these things it will help to ensure all is working properly as it should after the solution has been decided. Mike can use these basic steps in his new role as Owner/Manager of the Coffee Shop, making this plan to solve a problem and the decision will make for a better team in the Coffee Shop. Reference(s) Management, Bateman and Snell, Chapter 1 and Chapter 4, 2010 http://ezinearticles.com/?Top-Level-of-Management&id=20181389 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Starting Your Own Business, Fourth Edition by Edward Paulson http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/article/87158.aspx

Current State of Education in Nigeria

CURRENT STATE OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Education can be referred to as an act or process of developing and cultivating, whether physically, mentally or mortally, ones mental activities or senses; the expansion, strengthening and discipline of ones mind, faculty etc; the forming and regulation of principles and character in order to prepare and fit for any calling or business by systematic instruction.The result of these is determine by the knowledge/’skill acquired, the discipline of character acquired, the act/process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study discipline. Education is also seen as a means towards understanding, awareness creation, enlightenment, controlling, altering and re-designing human destiny and environment with a view to achieving and sustaining a better quality of life for the individual and towards the full integration of the individual into his environment in particular and then his nation in general; making rea sonable contributions towards national developments.The nation’s view on education is government’s way of realizing that part of the national goals that can be achieved by using education as a tool. No views on education can however be formulated without first identifying the overall philosophy and goals of the nation viz: I. To live in unity and harmony as one indivisible, indissoluble, democratic and Sovereign nation founded on the principles of understanding. Freedom, equality and justice. II. To promote inter-African solidarity and world peace through mutual understandings and interactions.The main goals of education in Nigeria which have even been endorsed As the necessary foundation for the National policy on education are towards the building of: i. A fair, equitable and democratic society ii. A just and egalitarian society iii. A united, strong and self- reliant nation iv. A great and dynamic economy and v. A land full of bright opportunities for all citizens. In Nigeria’s own philosophy of education, we collectively believe that: i. Education is an instrument for national development and to this end, the formulation f ideas, their integration for national development and the interaction of persons and ideas are all aspects of education. ii. Education fosters the worth and development of the individual, for each individuals sake and for the general development of the society/nation iii. Every Nigerian child shall have a right to equal educational opportunities irrespective of any real or imagined disabilities and each according to his/her own ability. iv. There is the need for functional education for the promotion of a progressive and United Nigeria.To this end therefore, school programmes need to be relevant, practical, comprehensive and research oriented while interests and ability should determine the individual’s direction in education, which is an aspect of sustainability. STAGES OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: EARLY CHILDHOO D/ PRE PRIMARY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: Early childhood/Pre-primary education refers to the education given in an educational refers to the education given in an educational institution to children prior to their entering the primary school. It includes: the creche, the nursery and the kindergarten stages.In Nigeria, the purpose of pre-primary education shall be to: i. Effect a smooth transition from the home to the school. ii. Prepare the child for the primary level of education. iii. Provide adequate care and supervision for the children while their parents are at work iv. Inculcate social norms into the children even from the earliest stages v. Inculcate into the child, the spirit of enquiry and creativity through the exploration of nature, the environment, art, music and playing with toys etc. vi. Develop a sense of co-operation and team spirit ii. Learn good habits, especially good health habits and viii. Teach the rudiments of numbers, letter, colours, shapes, forms etc through p lay. The responsibilities of government and other stakeholders for pre-primary education in Nigeria shall be to promote the training of qualified pre-primary school teachers in adequate number; contribute to the development of suitable curriculum, supervise and control the quality of such institutions as well as establish pre-primary sections in all existing public schools.In specific terms therefore, government shall: i. Establish pre-primary sections in all existing public schools and encourage both community and private/corporate efforts in the provision of pre-primary education. ii. Make provision in teacher education programmes for specialization in early childhood education. iii. Ensure that the medium of instruction is principally the mother-tongue or the language of the immediate community. And to this end, develop the orthography of many more Nigerians languages and produce textbooks in Nigerian languages. v. Ensure that the main methods/medium of teaching play and that the curriculum of teacher education is oriented to achieve thuis. v. Regulate and control the operation of pre-primary education in Nigeria by setting and monitoring minimum standards for early childcare centres in the country. vi. Ensure full participation of government corporate organizations, entrepreneurs communities and teachers associations in the running and maintenance of early childhood education and educational facilities throughout the country BASIC EDUCATION:In Nigeria, basi education shall be of 9- years duration comprising 6-years of primary education and 3-years of junior secondary education. It shall be free and compulsory. It shall also include adult and non-formal education programmes at primary and junior secondary education levels for the adults and out-of-school youths. The specific objectives of basic education in Nigeria shall be the same as the goals of the levels of education to which it applies (ie primary education, junior secondary education and adult /non à ¢â‚¬â€œ formal education). 1) PRIMARY EDUCATION IN NIGERIAPrimary education in nigeria as referred to on this document is the education given in institutions for children between the ages of 6 – 11 years and above. Pupils spend six years in the primary school level in Nigeria and graduate with a school-leaving certificate. And since the rest of the education system is built upon it, primary level is the key to the success or failure of the whole system. This being the case, the goals and objectives of primary education in Nigeria are to: i. Inculcate permanent literacy and numeracy as well as the ability to communicate effectively. i. Lay a sound foundation for scientific and reflective thinking iii. Give citizenship education as a basis for effective participation in and contribution to the life of the people in the society. iv. Mould the character and develop sounds attitude as well as morals in the child. v. Develop in the child, the ability to adopt the child’s cha nging environment. vi. Give the child opportunities foe developing manipulative skills that will enable the child function effectively in the society within the limits of his capacity and capability. vii.Provide the child with basic tools for further educational advancement, including preparation for trades and crafts of the locality. these goals from the basis of primary education in all the states of the federation and, in pursuance of the above goals, primary education in Nigeria shall be tuition free and compulsory. The curriculum for primary education therefore include: language (language of the environment, English, French and Health Education, Religious Knowledge, Agriculture/Home Economics, Social Studies/citizenship Education, Culture and Creative arts (ie Drawing, Handicraft, music and cultural activities), Computer Education etc.Teaching at the primary level shall be by practical, explanatory and experimental methods and the following educational services are expected to be provided: school library, basic health scheme, counseling, educational resource centre, specialist teachers of particular subjects like: mathematics, science, physical Education, language Arts (in relation to English, French, Sign language and Nigerian languages), librarians, music, Fine Arts and Home Economics. Primary school students are required to take a Common Entrance Examination to qualify for admission into the Federal and State Government Secondary Schools.The UBE came as a replacement for Nigeria’s universal primary education scheme of the 6-3-3-4 system of primary Education. The 9 – 3 – 3 – 4 system of primary education. The 9 – 3 – 4 system of education was designed in conformity with the MDG’s and education for all. The UBE involves 6years of primary school and 3 years of junior secondary school. Culminating into 9 years of uninterrupted schooling. Transition from one class to another is automatic but assessed through continuous assessment.This scheme is however monitored by the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) and has been made free as well as a right of every child in Nigeria. To law stipulates a 9 –years formal schooling, adult literacy and non-formal education, skill acquisition programmes as well as the education of special groups such as: nomads and migrants, girl-child and women, Al-majiri, street children and the physically challenged. SUSTAINABILITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: To these effects, i. Special efforts shall be made by all appropriate agencies to encourage parents to send their children, especially, their daughters to school ii.Everything possible shall be done to discourage the incidence of dropping out at the primary level of education. But where this occurs, provisions shall be made in the context of adult and non-formal education to enable such early leavers to continue with their education. iii. Government therefore welcomes the contributions of vol untary agencies, communities and private individuals in the establishment and management of primary schools alongside those provided by the states and local governments as long as they meet the minimum standards laid down by the federal government. v. In recognition of the prominent role of Information and Communication Technology in advancing knowledge and skills necessary for effective functioning in the modern world, there is therefore urgent needs to integrate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into education in Nigeria even at the primary level. v. Government shall therefore strive to provide basic infrastructure enabling environment and training facilities for the realization of all these goals at the primary school level. SECONDARY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA:Secondary education in Nigeria is the education children receive after primary education but before the tertiary stage. The Federal Republic of Nigeria is made up of thirty six states and the federal capital territo ry. There are about two federal government colleges in each state and these schools are funded and managed directly by the Federal Government through the ministry of Education. Teachers and staff of these schools are Federal Government employees and they possess at least, a bachelors degree in Education and/or in any particular subject area such as mathematics, physics etc. hese schools are supposed to be model schools carrying and maintaining the ideals of secondary education for Nigerian students. Admission is based on merit and determined by the national Common Entrance Examination taken by all final year elementary school pupils tuition and fees are very low, appropriately one hundred dollars ($100. ), because funding comes from the Federal Government State owned cesondary schools are funded by each state government and are not comparable to the Federal Government colleges.Although education Is supposed to be free in the majority of the state owned institutions, students are req uired to purchase books and uniforms costing them an average of two hundred dollars ($200). Teachers in state owned institutions usually have a National Certificate if Education or a Bachelor’s degree. Often, these schools are understaffed due to low state budgets, lack of incentives and irregularities in the payment of staff salaries Private secondary schools in Nigeria tend to be more expensive with average annual fees averaging from one to two thousand dollars ($100 – $200).These schools however have smaller classes, modern equipment cand better environments. Teachers n these schools all posses at least, a Bachelors degree in specific course areas and are sent for workshops or short – term programmes on a regular basis. The broad include the preparation of the student for: i. Useful living within the society ii. Higher education IN SPECIFIC TERMS HOWEVER, SECONDARY EDUCATION SHALL: i. Provide all primary school leavers with the opportunity fo education of a h igher level, irrespective of sex, social states religious and /or ethnic background. i. Offer diversified curriculum to cater for the differences in talents, opportunities and future roles. iii. Provide trained manpower in the applied science, technology and commerce at sub-professional grades. iv. Develop and promote Nigerian languages, art and culture in the content of world’s cultural heritage. v. Inspire students with a desire for self improvement and achievement of excellence. vi. Foster National unity with an emphasis on the common things that unite us in our diversity. vii.Raise a generation og people who can think for themselves, respect the views and feelings of others, respect the dignity of labour, appreciate those values specified under our THE PLANNING AND GUIDING EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Educational research and development in this context refers to all efforts aimed at facilitating the implementation of educational polices in the country, the attai nment of policy goals the promotion of effectiveness as well as the broadening of the entire educational system.STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABILITY OF PLANNING AND GUIDING EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. The strategies for the planning and guiding of educational research will include the following: i. Develop, assess, improve and expand educational programmes in line with what is obtained in the developed economies. ii. Enhancement of the teaching and then, improve the competence of teachers with state of the art equipments. iii. Making education more cost-effective. iv. Promoting in-service education v. Development and promoting effective use of innovative materials in schools and vi.Making learning experience more pragmatic and more meaningful for students so that the entire economy will be served with a more focused and committed labour force. In terms of sustainability, we suggest the following: i. State and local governments shall establish Teacher’s Resource centres where teachers will meet for discussions, investigations, study workshops, short courses and conferences. ii. Federal and state governments shall establish Educational Resource cntres whose activities would be multi-disciplinary. iii. Federal, state and local governments hall set aside a pre-determined percentage of their allocations to support research and development in line with UN resolutions. iv. Federal, state and local governments shall establish more public/mobile libraries as well as actively promote readership. v. Private establishments and proprietors shall also support research and development efforts in education especially in the establishment of state of the art libraries with established standards. They shall also provide for the training of librarians and library assistants for this service. i.MONITORING PROGRESS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL COMMUNITIES/ESTABLISHMENTS. This concerns itself with all efforts by the concerned authorities in the education ministries in ensuring that R/D efforts are strictly adhered to by educational establishments and even industrial organizations. STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABILITY: All educational authorities in the country from the local to the federal levels should be held responsible for: I. Enunciating a National Policy on Education II. Setting-up and maintaining uniform standardsIII. Co-ordinating sound educational practices in Nigeria IV. Establishing a federal Inspectorate services would responsibities amongst others would include: to encourage the dissemination of information on innovations and progressive educational and research principles practices in the school system through publications, workshops, meetings, seminars, conferences and other means of interactions between and among the industrial and educational communities. V. Planning and organizing educational research on a national scale. VI.Acquiring storing and disseminating national educational data and ag encies research finding to communities, and industrial organizations. VII. Co –ordinating non-formal education including adult education, vocational improvement centres, correspondence cources etc etc. VIII. Co-ordinationg international co-operation in educational researches. For all the above strategies to be sustained, I. Special and adequate inducement shall be provided for all teachers and researchers even in the rural areas so as to make them stay on their jobs.II. Government must establish efficient services at federal, state and local government levels for the monitoring and maintaining standards at all levels of education and research III. Government must also establish an efficient research control and monitoring body to ensure that the findings of quality researches are dessimated to all desening communities agencies institutes and industrial organizations ii. ENSURING THAT PUBLIC AND EDUCATIONAL (R/D) EFFORTS WITH THE OVERALL DEVELOPMENTAL PLANNING OF THE NATION.It has already been stated that Nigeria’s philosophy of education believes that education is an instrument for national development. And to this end, the formulation of researches towards the development of ideas, their integration for national development and the interaction of persons/ideas are all aspects of effective education. STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABILITY: The recommended strategies here would be to align our educational system so as to: i. Foster the worth and development of the individual for each individual’s sake and for the general development of our society. i. Ensure that every Nigerian child has a right to equal educational opportunities irrespective of any real or imagined disabilities, hindrances and shortcomings, each according to his/her ability. iii. Foster functional education for the promotion of a progressive and united Nigeria. And, to this end, school programmes need to be made relevant, practical and comprehensive while interest and ability shoul d determine the individual’s direction in his/her educational pursuit.For the above aim/objective to be sustainable in view with proper alignment with the overall development al planning of the nation as well as to be in harmony with Nigeria’s national goals, educational research and development has to be geared towards self realization of the students, better human relationship, individual and national efficiency, effective citizenship, national consciousness, national unity as well as towards social, cultural, economic, political, scientific and technological progress. All these will involve the following: i.Thorough inculcation of national consciousness and national unity into the students. ii. Through the inculcation of the right type of values and attitudes for the survival of the individual and the Nigerian society. iii. Through the training and re- training of the mind in the understanding of the world around and iv. Through the acquisition of appropriate and re quisite skills as well as the development of mental, physical and social abilities and competencies as equipment for the individual to live in and contribute to the development of the society. iii.LINKING RESEARCHERS WITH ENTREPRENEURS FOR THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF R/D RESULTS. Academic institutions the world over, are set up to provide an environment for teaching, research, community participation and the moulding of characters. Unfortunately, they have failed, in the case of Nigeria to meet the needs of the individuals in the promotion of economic self-reliance and self sufficiency. The starting point of research here would be on such educational services that would offer a range of educational experiences which would depend on the needs of the individual and the requirements of potential work places.Also, it must emphasize on the development of the job skills and work behaviours directed towards specific occupational requirements. Having done the above, a rapport would have been e stablished between researchers , their finding/ results and industrialists/entrepreneurs with a view towards the commercialization of R&D results. It is however expected that the concept of entrepreneurial skill development recently introduced by the NUC will be imbibed by all institutions of learning in Nigeria. Some of the mandates of the entrepreneurship section of the NUC is to: i.Promote linkage between academic institutions researches on the one hand and industrial/financial institutions on the other hand. ii. Promote the exhibitions of commercialized researches in Nigerian institutions of learning and. iii. Promote Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) between Nigerian Universities and the individual, manufacturing and service sectors etc. For sustainability, the following are proposed: i. A serious partnership between our institutions of learning industrialists, entrepreneurs etc so that the findings of the volumes of researches conducted in our institutions will definitely g et to the end users. i. Findings/results of researches in our institutions should be collected and published periodically so that individuals, organizations and the government at all its tiers, levels and agencies would study and where necessary adopt such findings in their policy making processes iii. Our institutions of learning should be upgraded to become more research oriented. And to the effect, government and the organized private sector should advance more funds in upgrading our libraries, laboratories and research institutions across the country. iv.NURTURING PROJECTS BY THE USE OF FACILITIES OF TECHNOLOGY INCUBATION AND EDUCATIONAL PARKS. A project by definition is an optimum set of investment oriented activates by means of which a defined combination of human and material resources are expected to bring about a determined amount of economic and developmental benefits. It is also, an agreed fact in both private and government/public circles that a project involves the use of one or more scare resources within a specific period of time snd for the purpose of yielding some economic and social benefits/returns at a much later time.Projects are usually classified into: i. Current and/or capital projects ii. Private sector and /or public sector projects Men invest for the purpose of profit maximization, share holders wealth maximization, stock value maximization, market share maximization, capital gains and other intrinsic ownership/personal reason. Government on the other hand invests so as to improve peoples standard of living, provision of security, protection, social welfare, employment provision, health, education etc. No matter the type or form of a project, it involves the covering of several tages, each involving a different set of decisional processes too. While the starting point of any project is known as its â€Å"operation stage†. However, the entire series of activities that must be covered for the idea to the operation stage is refer red to as the â€Å"project Cycle†. Projects, either of the private or of the public sector type are most inevitable for the growth and development of any nation. It is also said that ideas rule the world, and this is the reason why our educational institutions are veritable breeding grounds for fresh ideas via technology incubation and educational parks.Technology education however incorporates post secondary education in technology offered in polytechnics, Monotechnics and Colleges of Education Technical. And the strategy here shall include: i. The provision of full-time and part time courses of instruction and training in engineering, other technologies, applied sciences business and management, leading to the production of trained manpower. ii. The provision of technical knowledge and skills necessary for agricultural, industrial, commercial and economic development in Nigeria. iii.Giving training and imparting the necessary skills for the production of technicians, techn ologists and other skilled personnel who shall be enterprising and self – reliant. iv. Training people who can apply scientific knowledge to solve environment problems for the convenience of man and v. Giving exposure on professional studies in the technologies. In the pursuance of the above goals and for the purpose of sustainability, Government shall adopt the following measures: In the pursuance of the above goals and for the purposes of sustainability, government shall adopt the following measures: i.Develop and encourage the ideas of polytechnic education through student’s industrial work experiences. ii. Improve upon immediate and long term prospects of polytechnic graduates and other professionals with respect to their status and remuneration. iii. At the very early phase of the education system, efforts shall be made to include an attitude of respect for and appreciation of the role of technology in society iv. Students shall be made to appreciate the dignity o f labour by using their hands in making repairing and assembling things. v.Polytechnics shall be encourage to conduct applied research relevant to the needs and aspirations of the nation. vi. polytechnics shall continue to maintain a two-tier programme of the National Diploma (ND) and the Higher National Diploma (HND) with one year period of Industrial experience. Serving as one of the pre-requisites for entry into the HND programmes. vii. Polytechnics that meet the requirement above shall be allowed to run post professional HND programmes. viii. The modes and operations of polytechnics shall be the same as in the monotechnics 6.PROMOTING STRATEGIC PROJECTS THROUGH DIRECT INTERVENTION WOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BODIES: INTERACTION We had previously and comprehensively explained what public and private projects are. However, Strategic projects are those that expected to have far reaching effects on the life of the ordinary man, Corporate organizations and even the government. These proj ects are also those that are expected to impart positively on the development processes of the nation. Some of them would include: health educational, Transport, Aviation, Military and para-military, Information, Telecommunication and even space related projects.The importance of these projects permeated both the private and public sectprs of any nation and the need to promote and facilitate such projects require the simultaneous interation of our educational/research –based institutions with both the organized private sector and appropriate government agencies. Strategies for the achievement of the above would include the following: i. The government to understand that the success of any system of education research institute is hinged upon proper planning, efficient administration and adequate financing. ii.That administration is a function of organization and structure, proprietorship and control as well as inspection/ supervision. iii. School systems and research institut es as well as their management and administration shall grow out of the life and social ethos of the communities which they serve. iv. Shared responsibility for the funding and management of all educational research facilities by the three tires of government. v. Close participation and corporate organization at even he local levels in the administration and management of all educational research facilities. vi. Effective line of ommunication between local communities and government on the one hand and then educational/ research institutes and corporate organizations on the other hand vii. The integration of educational and research development policies with national objectives and programmes especially, as it concerns the evolution of strategic national projects. Sustainability here will require the following: i. Ensuring adequate and effective planning management and monitoring of educational/research services ii. Provide efficient administrative and management control for the mai ntenance and improvement of the entire systems. ii. Ensuring quality control through regular and continuous of supervision of instructional and other research related services. iv. Providing adequate and balanced financial support for all educational/research related services. v. Ensuring that the findings of all these research instituted are disseminated to the necessary public and private institutes that would need them. vi. The organized private sector to be more responsible to the needs of our academic/research institutes in partnership with government. 7. ADVISING THE GOVERNMENT ON EDUCATIONAL MATTERS AND IMPLEMENTING THESE POLICIES AND PROJECTSEducation all over the world is an expensive social services that require adequate financial provision from all tiers of government and even the private sector for the successful implementation of all the educational programmes and for the expected end results to be achieved. Government ultimate goal is to make education free at all leve ls and for the dividends of education to permeate across the strata of the entire society. The financing of education should be a joint responsibility of the faderal, state and local governments on the one hand, and the organized private sector, communities and even religious organizations on the other.In this vain and while government welcomes and encourages the participation of local communities, individuals and other organization. She must be adviced along the following lines: I. That the curricula of all the academic programmes taught in all our educational institutions need to be updated in order to reposition Nigeria’s manpower requirements to be able to keep-up with the constant dynamics of technological advances globally. II. There hould be an inclusion of a course on â€Å"entrepreneurship development† in allour institutions of higher learning so as to encourage corporate sector participation, encourage corporate sector participation, encourage corporate secto r participation, encourage self-employment and boost the ability of graduates to create jobs. III. Institutions should adhere to the quaota assigned to them for admission so as to portray national policy prescription with regards to the science/Arts ratio of 60% for science and 40% for Arts. IV.Youths and fresh graduates should be empowered primarily through the development of new government and corporate development of new governmental and corporate strategies/policies to teach, mentor, monitor and create new platforms for adequate self-expression and socio-economic mental alertness. V. Higher institution should strengthen their practical training programmes and skills acquisition through industrial attachment, field/practical training, university – industry interaction forum and adequate supervision of students on industrial attachment.VI. There should be a strong linkage between entrepreneurship and technology so that entrepreneurs can benefits form research and developmen t (R/D) outputs of our educational and research institutes VII. Research must be intensified on the various aspects of entrepreneurship such as educational, training, new ventures, finance, marketing, organizational strategies, technology, entrepreneurship characteristics and behavior, citizenship education etc. VIII.The public and private sectors should establish an effective feedback mechanism with graduates and their prospective employers so as to monitor graduate performance at work/industrial attachments in terms of knowledge, skills and adaptability that are needed in addition to the provision of adequate funding for institutions so as to enable them revitalize their academic and physical facilities/laboratories and equipments on a continuous basis in order to maintain high academic/research standards.IX. Finally and for all the above to be both possible and feasible, government should adhere strictly to the 25% of annual budgetary allocation to the educational sector of the e conomy. This however is in line with the UN budgetary prescription for educational. The will ensure adequate availability of funds for education at all levels and will also ensure that our educational institutions would bounce back to the days of glory when they were the veritable centres for urturing private and public projects with the use of the facilities of improved facilities of technology incubation and educational parks. This is exactly how it is in the developed countries of the world. Government must stop destroying itself will inconsequential issues of tenure elongation and financial indiscipline/corruption and set the pace for our technological breakthrough via spiritual ad serious improvements in our educational sector in all ramifications.